316L is the standard molybdenum bearing grade. All 316L at Castle Metals UK is certified to 316/316L.
This Stainless Steel is popular for use in severely corrosive environments due to the materials immunity from boundary carbide precipitation. The material is widely used in heavy gauge welded components and weld annealing is only required where the material is for use in high stress environments.
Stainless Steel 316L has an extensive variety of uses especially in marine applications due to the materials high corrosion resistance.
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Stainless steel 316L (all) is one of the basic grade of the stainless steel range. 2% molybdenum bearing ensures better corrosion resistance than CLC 18-9L grade, particularly regarding to uniform and localised corrosion.
Stainless steel 316L is an austenitic microstructure grade, free of deleterious carbide precipitations in grain boundaries. The grade contains some residual ferrite (3%) after solution annealing (1050-1150°C - 1922-2102°F) and water quenching. Chemistry and heat treatments may be optimised in order to control the ferrite content.
Stainless steel 316L resists to wet atmosphere or room temperature solutions containing some chloride or fluoride additions. The steel is not seawater resistant. The alloy may be used in diluted sulphuric acids at low temperature (≤ 330°C - 626°F) as well as in sour organic solutions.
The grade is also well known for its higher ductility, particularly when considering cold forming.
Standards
| EURONORM | 1.4404 X2CrNiMo 17.12.2 |
|---|---|
| AFNOR | Z3 CND 17-11-02 |
| DIN | W1.4404 |
| ASTIM | A 240 TP 316L UNS S31603 |
Chemical Analysis
| Typical values (weight %) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | Cr | NI | Mo | N | Others |
| 0.020 | 17 | 10.5 | 2.1 | 0.05 | - |
| PREN (%Cr+3.3%Mo+16%N) ≥ 24 | |||||
Mechanical Properties
| Tensile properties after water quenching | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| °C | °F | Minimum guaranteed values * | Typical values | El % | ||||||||||
| Y.S. 0.2% | Y.S. 1% | UTS | Y.S. 0.2% | Y.S. 1% | UTS | |||||||||
| MPa | Ksi | MPa | Ksi | MPa | Ksi | MPa | Ksi | MPa | Ksi | MPa | Ksi | |||
| 20 | 68 | 220 | 32 | 260 | 38 | 520/670 | 76/98 | 310 | 44 | 350 | 51 | 680 | 85 | 45 |
| 100 | 212 | 166 | 24 | 199 | 29 | 430 | 63 | 280 | 40 | 330 | 48 | 490 | 72 | 43 |
| 200 | 392 | 137 | 20 | 167 | 24 | 390 | 57 | 200 | 28 | 230 | 33 | 450 | 66 | 35 |
| 300 | 572 | 118 | 17 | 145 | 21 | 380 | 56 | 175 | 25 | 200 | 30 | 440 | 64 | 35 |
| 400 | 752 | 108 | 16 | 135 | 20 | 380 | 56 | 450 | 22 | 180 | 29 | 430 | 63 | 30 |
| 500 | 932 | 100 | 15 | 128 | 19 | 360 | 52 | 135 | 19 | 165 | 24 | 410 | 60 | 30 |
* Following EN 10088 hot rolled plates - The EN guaranteed values are valid for a thickness from 5-75mm.
| Impact values | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| °C | -196* | -196 | +20 | θ (°C) | 450 | 550 | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 | 850 |
| °F | -452* | -320 | 68 | θ (°F) | 842 | 1022 | 1202 | 1292 | 1382 | 1472 | 1562 |
| KCV (J/cm²) Minimum |
75 | 125 | 187 | Ageing H | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | 500 | 500 | 500 |
| KCV (J/cm²) Typical |
125 | 250 | 312 | KCU J/cm² | 230 | 245 | 155 | 140 | 140 | 145 | 165 |
* Optimised heats with extra low ferrite.
Physical Properties
| Interval temper °C |
Thermal expansion αx10-6K-1 |
°C | °F | Resistivity (µΩ cm) |
Thermal conductivity (W.m-1.K-1) |
Specific heat (J.kg-1.K-1) |
Young modulus E (GPa) |
Shear modulus G (GPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20-100 | 16 | 20 | 68 | 75 | 15 | 500 | 200 | 77 |
| 20-200 | 16.5 | 100 | 212 | 80 | 16 | 500 | 194 | 74 |
| 20-300 | 17 | 200 | 392 | 85 | 17.5 | 520 | 188 | 70.5 |
| 20-400 | 17.5 | 300 | 572 | 92 | 19 | 530 | 172 | 66.5 |
| 20-500 | 18 | 400 | 752 | 95 | 20.5 | 540 | 172 | 62.5 |
| 500 | 932 | 100 | 22 | 540 | 165 | 59.5 | ||
Magnetic permeability: 1.015-1.050 (skin).
Corrosion Resistance
| Quality corrosion tests guaranteed (special request may be discussed) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| TEST | Other name | Corrosion (1) | Results |
| ASTM A 262 A | Intergranular | Step or dual structure | |
| ASTM A 262 B | STREICHER | Intergranular | ≤ 1mm/year (not sensitived) |
| ASTM A 262 C | HUEY | Intergranular | < 0,6mm/year* |
| ASTM A 262 E DIN 50914 RCCM |
STRAUSS | Intergranular | No cracking after bending |
| ASTM G48 A | Pitting | Not recommended (typical CCT 5°) | |
| ASTM G48 B | ASTM G78 | Crevice | Not recommended (typical CCT 5°) |
(1) kind of corrosion mechanism investigated
* Using low ferrite grade.
Applications
- Wet corrosion resistance properties in medium severe conditions
- Chemical industry (industrial phosphoric acid; Concentration < 30% P205 without abrasion; θ <60°C - 140°F)
- Food and beverage processing industry
- Water treatment
- Rail and road containers and tanks
- Household appliances
- Building decoration
